Case Definition: Sodium Monofluoroacetate (Compound 1080)
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Clinical description
Exposure to sodium monoflouroacetate might cause systemic toxicity by different routes of exposure. Clinical effects usually develop within 30 minutes to 2.5 hours of exposure but might be delayed as long as 20 hours. The predominant manifestations of sodium monoflouroacetate poisoning are metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurologic signs and symptoms. Effects of acute exposure might include metabolic acidosis, hypotension, dysrhythmias, seizures, coma, and respiratory depression (1-3).
Laboratory criteria for diagnosis
- Biologic: No biologic marker for sodium monoflouroacetate is available.
- OR-
- Environmental: Detection of sodium monoflouroacetate in environmental samples, as determined by FDA.
Case classification
- Suspected: A case in which a potentially exposed person is being evaluated by health-care workers or public health officials for poisoning by a particular chemical agent, but no specific credible threat exists.
- Probable: A clinically compatible case in which a high index of suspicion (credible threat or patient history regarding location and time) exists for a sodium monofluoroacetate exposure, or an epidemiologic link exists between this case and a laboratory-confirmed case.
- Confirmed: A clinically compatible case in which laboratory tests have confirmed exposure.
The case can be confirmed if laboratory testing was not performed because either a predominant amount of clinical and nonspecific laboratory evidence of a particular chemical was present or a 100% certainty of the etiology of the agent is known.
Additional resources
- Chi CH, Chen KW, Chan SH, Wu MH, Huang JJ. Clinical presentation and prognostic factors in sodium monofluoroacetate intoxication. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1996;34:707-12.
- Egekeze JO, Oehme FW. Sodium monofluoroacetate (SMFA, compound 1080): a literature review. Vet Hum Toxicol 1979;21:411-6.
- Eason C. Sodium monofluroroacetate (1080) risk assessment and risk communication. Toxicology 2002:181-2, 523-30.
This document is based on CDC’s best current information. It may be updated as new information becomes available.
Page last reviewed February 22, 2006
Page last modified March 17, 2005